Environmental and Cultivation Factors Affect the Morphology, Architecture and Performance of Root Systems in Soilless Grown Plants

Soilless culture systems are currently one of the fastest-growing sectors in horticulture. The plant roots confined into a specific rootzone and exposed to environmental changes cultivation factors. recent scientific evidence regarding effects several factors on morphology, architecture, performance root system plants grown SCS objectives this study. effect restriction, nutrient solution, irrigation frequency, temperature, oxygenation, vapour pressure deficit, lighting, pH, exudates, CO2, beneficiary microorganisms functionality discussed. Overall, main results review demonstrate that researchers have carried out great efforts innovation optimize water nutrients supply, proper oxygen levels at effective plant–beneficiary microorganisms, while contributing yields. Finally, analyses new trends based emerging technologies various tools might be exploited smart agriculture approach improve management soilless cropping procuring deeper understanding root–shoot communication.